General (challenges for the future)

•Slow down climate change by reducing CO2- emissions.

•Kyoto protocol will affect future shipping. IMO works on CO2-index.

•Improve environment by reducing NOx and SOxemissions.

•IMO will reduce emission levels for NOX and SOx (tier2 /3)

•Find solutions for reduced availability of liquid fossil fuels

•IEA predicts restriction of markets in 2015 and serious shortfalls in 2050.

CAPT RNLN (E) Marcel Hendriks NL DMO Head Marine Engineering